Alpha + beta type titanium alloy, process for producing titanium alloy, process for coil rolling, and process for producing cold-rolled coil of titanium alloy

ABSTRACT

A high strength and ductility α+β type titanium alloy, comprising at least one is isomorphous β stabilizing element in a Mo equivalence of 2.0-4.5 mass %, at least one eutectic βstabilizing element in an Fe equivalence of 0.3-2.0 mass %, Si in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mass %, and C in an amount of 0.01-0.15% mass, and has a β transformation temperature no lower than 940° C.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention relates to a high strength titanium alloywhich has high strength, excellent weldability (i.e., ductility in heataffected zone (HAZ) after welding, the same meaning hereinafter) andgood ductility to make the production of strips possible. The presentinvention relates to a titanium alloy coil-rolling process and a processfor producing a coil-rolled titanium strip, in which the titanium is theabove-mentioned titanium alloy.

[0003] 2. Related Art

[0004] Titanium and its alloys are light, and excellent in strength,toughness and corrosion-resistance. Recently, therefore, they havewidely been made practicable in the fields of the aerospace industry,the chemical industry and the like. However, titanium alloys arematerials which are generally not so good in workability, so that costsfor forming and working are very high, as compared with other materials.For example, Ti—6Al—4V, a typical α+β type alloy, is a material which isdifficult to work at room temperature. Thus, it is said that the alloycan hardly be made into a coil by cold rolling.

[0005] For this reason, at the time of rolling the Ti—6Al—4V alloy intoa sheet form, a manner called pack-rolling is adopted. That is, thepack-rolling is a manner of stacking Ti—6Al—4V alloy sheets obtained byhot rolling in the form of layers, putting the sheets into a box made ofmild steel, and hot rolling the sheets packed into the box underheat-retention for keeping its temperature more than a given temperatureto produce a thin plate. In this process, however, a mild steel coverfor making a pack and pack welding are necessary. Moreover, in order toblock bonding of titanium alloy strips themselves, a releasing agentmust be applied. In such a manner, the pack-rolling process requiresvery troublesome works and great cost, as compared with cold rolling.Additionally, the temperature range suitable for hot rolling is limited,to cause many restrictions in working.

[0006] On the contrary, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos.3-274238 and 3-166350 discloses that the contents of Al, V and Mo in theparent material of titanium are defined and at least one alloyingelement selected from Fe, Ni, Co and Cr is comprised therein in anappropriate amount, so that a titanium alloy can be obtained which has astrength substantially equal to that of the Ti—6Al—4V alloy and aresuperior to the Ti—6Al—4V alloy in superplasticity and hot workability.

[0007] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 7-54081 and 7-54083disclose a titanium alloy in which the Al content is reduced up to alevel of 1.0-4.5%, the V content is limited to 1.5-4.5%, the Mo contentis limited to 0.1-2.5%, and optionally a small amount of Fe or Ni iscomprised thereinto, thereby keeping high strength and raising coldworkability and weldability (in particular, HAZ after welding).

[0008] This titanium alloy has both cold workability and high strength,and further has improved weldability, and thus is an excellent alloy.However, in these inventions, flow-stress during plastic deformation issuppressed because of the necessity of ensuring excellent coldworkability. Thus, its strength is considerably low. If the strength israised, its cold workability drops. For this reason, production of coldstrips are substantially impossible. Incidentally, in recent years,customers I demands of high strength and high ductility to titaniumalloys have been becoming more and more strict. Thus, titanium alloysare desired to be improved still more.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Paying attention to the above-mentioned situation, the inventorshave made the present invention. The subject of the present invention isan α+β type titanium alloy, and an object thereof is to provide an α+βtype titanium alloy having excellent strength and cold workability, andfurther having ductility making it possible to produce strips in coil.Another object of the present invention is to establish a continuousrolling technique based on coil-rolling by devising working conditions,and provide a process for obtaining a titanium alloy having excellentworkability and strength by annealing after the coil-rolling.

[0010] The high strength and ductility α+β type titanium alloy of thepresent invention for overcoming the above-mentioned problems comprisesat least one isomorphous β stabilizing element in a Mo equivalence of2.0-4.5 mass %, at least one eutectic β stabilizing element in an Feequivalence of 0.3-2.0 mass %, and Si in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mass %.(Hereinafter, % means % mass unless specified otherwise.) In thetitanium alloy, a preferred Al equivalence, including Al as an astabilizing element, is more than 3% and less than 6.5%. If C is furthercomprised thereinto in an amount of 0.01-0.15%, the strength property ofthe alloy becomes more excellent. In addition, incorporation with aplatinum group element improves corrosion resistance. It is important inview of rollability that the β transus (Tβ) should be no lower than 940°C.

[0011] The process for producing titanium alloy according to the presentinvention is characterized in that a hot-rolling method suitable forsaid titanium alloy is specified. The process consists of heating thetitanium alloy at a temperature (T1) satisfying the following inequality[2] and then performing rolling.

[β-transus−20° C.−(770×C mass %)° C.]≦T1<β-transus  [2]

[0012] The rolling method according to the present invention isapplicable to the continuous production of coil strip from theabove-mentioned titanium alloy. It consists of annealing a titaniumalloy plate or sheet at a temperature (T2) which satisfies the followingequation [3] and then performing rolling to produce coiled strip.

[β-transus−270° C.]≦T2≦(β-transus−50° C.)  [3]

[0013] At the time of the coil-rolling, preferably the tension for thecoil-rolling ranges from 49 to 392 MPa and the rolling ratio for thecoil-rolling is 20% or more. If the coil-rolling is performed pluraltimes in a manner that an annealing step in the α+β temperature rangeintervenes therebetween, the total rolling reduction can be raised asthe occasion demands. Thus, even a thin plate can easily be obtained.

[0014] Furthermore, the process for producing a titanium alloy stripaccording to the present invention is a process of specifying annealingsuitable for cold-rolled strips after the cold-rolling of theabove-mentioned α+β type titanium alloy. The process is characterized byimproving transverse elongation of a cold-rolled titanium strip byselecting a heating temperature at the time of annealing fromtemperatures which are not less than temperature for relievingwork-hardening at the time of cold-rolling and are temperatures, in therange of temperatures not more than β transus (Tβ), for promptlyavoiding temperature ranges causing brittleness resulting from theformation of brittle hexagonal crystal a, so as to perform theannealing.

[0015] The above-mentioned titanium alloy is used to perform theannealing, so as to easily obtain a titanium alloy strip having atensile strength after the annealing of 900 MPa or more, an elongationof 4% or more, and [longitudinal (coil-rolling direction)]/[transverse(direction perpendicular to the coil-rolling direction) elongation]of0.4-1.0.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016]FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between 0.2% proofstrength and elongation, after annealing in the β temperature range(corresponding to the properties in HAZ after welding).

[0017]FIG. 2 is a phase diagram of a titanium alloy.

[0018]FIG. 3 is a view for explaining the coil-rolling process of thepresent invention, referring to α phase diagram.

[0019]FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between annealingtemperature, and strength and elongation obtained in ExperimentExamples.

[0020]FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between annealingtemperature, and strength and elongation obtained in other ExperimentExamples.

[0021]FIG. 6 is a view conceptually showing the relationship betweenannealing temperature and elongation that the inventors haveascertained.

[0022]FIG. 7 is a view showing the relationship of ductility of thetransformed β phase (i.e., the a phase) in the titanium alloy, in thelight of phase diagram in an α+β type titanium alloy.

[0023]FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between 0.2% proofstrength and elongation after annealing in the α+β temperature range.

[0024]FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relation between tensile strengthand the value of [Mo-equivalence+2.5×Fe-equivalence+40×0%].

[0025]FIG. 10 is a graphical representation of the results of theexperiment example (large scale) showing the relation between theannealing temperature and the tensile strength and elongation in thetransverse direction.

[0026]FIG. 11 is a graphical representation of the results of theexperiment example (large scale) showing the relation between theannealing temperature and the tensile strength and elongation in thelongitudinal direction.

[0027]FIG. 12 is a graphical representation of the results of theexperiment example (large scale) showing the relation between theannealing temperature and the minimum bending radius.

[0028]FIG. 13A is a graph showing difference in ability to keep passivestate between pure titanium and the titanium alloy of the presentinvention.

[0029]FIG. 13B is a graph showing difference in corrosion speed betweenpure titanium and the titanium alloy of the present invention.

[0030]FIG. 13C is a graph showing difference in resistance to crevicecorrosion between pure titanium and the titanium alloy of the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0031] The α+β type titanium alloy of the present invention has a basiccomposition wherein the contents of isomorphous β stabilizing elementand eutectic β stabilizing element are defined, and preferably Alequivalence including Al, which is an α stabilizing element, is defined.The α+β type titanium alloy is an alloy wherein an appropriate amount ofSi is comprised into the basic composition and preferably an appropriateamount of C is comprised as another element thereinto, so as to giveexcellent strength property and cold workability, thereby having highstrength and simultaneously making the production of coils possible. Thefollowing will describe reasons of defining the contained percentages ofthe above-mentioned respective elements.

[0032] At Least One Isomorphous β Stabilizing Element: Mo Equivalence of2.0-4.5%:

[0033] The isomorphous β stabilizing elements such as Mo cause anincrease in the volume fraction of the β phase, and is solved into the βphase to contribute to a rise in strength. Moreover, the isomorphous βstabilizing elements have a nature that they are solved into the parentmaterial of titanium to produce fine equiaxial microstructure easily.They are useful elements from the standpoint of enhancingstrength-ductility balance. In order to exhibit such effects of theisomorphous β stabilizing elements effectively, they should be comprisedin an amount of 2.0% or more, and preferably 2.5% or more. However, ifthe amount is too large, ductility after β annealing decreases andfurther corrosion of the titanium alloy increases. Thus, it becomesdifficult to remove TiO₂ scales produced in the annealing after coldrolling and an oxygen-solved ground metal, called an α-case, so that theworkability falls. Additionally, the density of the whole of thetitanium alloy is heightened to damage the property of a high specificstrength which the titanium alloy originally has. Therefore, theabove-mentioned amount should be 4.5% or less, and preferably 3.5% orless.

[0034] The most typical element among all isomorphous β stabilizingelements is Mo. However, V, Ta, Nb and the like have substantially thesame effect as that of Mo. In the case wherein these elements arecontained, the Mo equivalence [Mo+{fraction (1/1.5)}×V+⅕×Ta+{fraction(1/3.6)}×Nb] , including these elements, should be adjusted into therange of 2.0-4.5%. However, Nb and Ta are less effective inβ-stabilization per unit amount added. Therefore, they should be addedin a large amount to attain the same degree of stabilization; moreover,they are expensive. It is recommended that they are substituted with Moand V. V is less expensive than Mo to achieve the same degree ofβ-stabilization. However, V added alone decreases the Tβ excessively.Consequently, the desirable amount is 1.0-3.0% for Mo and 1.0-2.0% forV.

[0035] At Least One Eutectic β Stabilizing Element: Fe Equivalence of0.3-2.0%:

[0036] The eutectic β stabilizing elements such as Fe cause improvementin strength by addition of a small amount thereof. Moreover, they havethe effect of improving hot workability. Furthermore, cold workabilityis enhanced, particularly when Mo and Fe coexist, but this reason isunclear at present. In order to exhibit such effects effectively, Feshould be contained in an amount of 0.3% or more, and preferably 0.4% ormore. However, if the amount is too large, ductility after β annealingis greatly lowered and further segregation becomes remarkable at thetime of ingot-making to reduce the stability of quality. The amountshould be 2.0% or less and preferably 1.5% or less.

[0037] Cr, Ni, Co and the like have substantially the same effect asthat of Fe. Thus, in the case that Cr and the like are contained, the Feequivalence [Fe+½×Cr+½×Ni+{fraction (1/1.5)}×Co+{fraction (1/1.5)}×Mn],including these elements, should be adjusted into the range of 0.3-2.0%.However, it is recommended to replace all of them by Fe, because Fe ischeapest and Cr slightly decreases tensile strength. The minimum amountof Fe should preferably be 0.3% in view of the effect of improvinghot-rollability and strengthening. The maximum amount of Fe shouldpreferably be 1.0%, because Fe in an excessive amount causes remarkablesegregation in the Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) process.

[0038] Al Equivalence: More than 3%, and Less than 6.5%

[0039] Al is an element which contributes, as an α-stabilizing element,to the improvement in strength. If the Al content is 3% or less, thestrength of the titanium alloy is insufficient. However, if the Alcontent is 6.5% or more, the limit cold-reduction is lowered so that itbecomes difficult to make the alloy into a coil. Additionally, the coldworkability as a coil product is also lowered so as to increase thenumber of cold working steps and annealing steps until the alloy isrolled up to a predetermined thickness. Thus, a rise in cost is caused.Considering the strength-cold workability balance, preferably the lowerlimit and the upper limit of the Al equivalence are 3.5% and 5.5%,respectively.

[0040] In the present invention, Sn and Zr also exhibit the effect as ana stabilizing element in the same way as Al. Therefore, in the case thatthese elements are contained, the Al equivalence [Al+⅓×Sn+⅙×Zr],including these elements, should be desirably adjusted into the range ofmore than 3% and less than 6.5%. However, in the case where Sn and Zrare contained as the a-stabilizing elements of Al equivalence, it isrecommended to replace all of them by Al because they have an adverseeffect on cold-rollability.

[0041] Typical examples of preferable α+β type titanium alloyssatisfying the requirement of the above-mentioned composition used as abase titanium alloy in the present invention includesTi—(4-5%)Al—(1.5-3%)Mo—(1-2%)V—(0.3-2.0%)Fe, in particularTi—4.5%Al—2%Mo—1-6%V—0.5%Fe.

[0042] Si: 0.1-1.5%

[0043] The α+β type titanium alloy having the basic composition thatsatisfies the content requirements of the isomorphous p stabilizingelement, the eutectic β stabilizing element, and the Al equivalence hasan excellent cold workability exhibiting a limit cold-reduction of about40% or more. Thus, the alloy can be made into a coil. However, itsstrength property and weldability are not necessarily sufficient. Thealloy cannot meet the recent demand of enhancing strength.

[0044] However, it has been ascertained that if Si is contained in anamount of 0.1-1.5% into the α+β type alloy of the above-mentioned basiccomposition, it is possible to heighten remarkably the strength propertyand the property (strength and ductility) in HAZ after welding, as atitanium alloy, without lowering ductility necessary for making thealloy into a coil.

[0045] In other words, Si has an effect of raising the strength propertyin the state that Si hardly has a bad influence on cold-reduction of theα+β type titanium alloy. Furthermore, Si exhibits an effect of raisingthe strength and ductility in HAZ after welding. By such addition of anappropriate amount of Si, it is possible to obtain an alloy wherein thestrength and ductility of the titanium alloy parent material are raisedstill more and further the HAZ after welding have strength and ductilityof a high level.

[0046] In order to exhibit such effects of Si more effectively, it isnecessary that Si is contained in an amount within a very restrictiverange of 0.1-1.5%. If the Si content is insufficient, the strength tendsto be short. Moreover, the effect of the improvement in thestrength-ductility balance of the welded zone also becomes insufficient.On the other hand, if the Si content is more than 1.5%, thecold-reduction becomes poor so that a coil cannot easily be produced.Considering the above-mentioned advantages and disadvantages of Si,preferably the lower limit and the upper limit of the Si content are0.2% and 1.0%, respectively. The more preferable upper limit of Si is0.5%, because Si in excess of 0.5% suffers from poor cold-rollability.

[0047] Si in an Amount up to 0.5% Greatly Improves Cold-Rollability.

[0048] C: 0.01-0.15%

[0049] Carbon (C) has an effect of enhancing the strength property ofthe α+β type titanium alloy still more while keeping excellent ductilitythereof, and an effect of enhancing the strength in HAZ after weldingremarkably with a little drop in the ductility thereof. Such effects ofthe addition of C make the strength and the ductility of the titaniumalloy parent material far higher, and also makes the strength and theductility of the HAZ even higher. Also, C is an essential element toraise the β-transus above 940° C. so that the hot-rolling temperature isset up as high as possible.

[0050] In order to exhibit such effects of C more effectively, it isnecessary that C is contained in an amount within a very restrictiverange of 0.01-0.15%. If the C content is insufficient, the strength isinsufficient, the increase of β-transus is also insufficient. On theother hand, if the C content is over 0.15%, cold-reduction is damaged byremarkable precipitation-hardening of carbides such as TiC to blockcoil-rolling. Considering such advantages and disadvantages of C,preferably the lower limit and the upper limit of the C content are0.02% and 0-12%, respectively.

[0051] In the present invention, if a small amount of 0 (oxygen) iscomprised thereto, as well as Si and C, the strength can be raised stillmore in the state that the oxygen hardly has a bad influence oncoil-formation of the titanium alloy and its ductility. Thus, it ispreferable for oxygen to be comprised. Such an effect of oxygen isexhibited by its very small amount. In order to exhibit the effect moresurely, oxygen is comprised in an amount of preferably about 0.07% ormore, and more preferably about 0.1% or more. However, if the oxygencontent is too large, the cold workability drops. Besides, the ductilityalso drops by an excessive rise in the strength. The oxygen contentshould be 0.25% or less and preferably 0.18% or less. Incidentally, astrip produced by unidirectional rolling has a decreased strength in thelongitudinal direction due to anisotropy. For the strip to have astrength higher than 900 MPa in the longitudinal direction, it isnecessary to take the effect of oxygen quantity into account. It isessential that the total amount of Mo-equivalence +2.5 x Fe-equivalence+40×0% should be higher than 7.0%. If the total amount exceeds 19%, thetitanium alloy is so poor in ductility that it is incapable of rolling.As the total amount exceeds 16.2%, the titanium alloy begins to decreasein cold-rollability. Therefore, the upper limit is 19%, and thepreferred upper limit is 16.2%.

[0052] Reasons why such effects and advantages as above are exhibited inthe present invention by comprising an appropriate amount of Si, C plussuch an amount of Si, or further an appropriate amount of oxygen intothe α+β type titanium alloy as a base are not necessarily made clear,but the following reasons can be considered.

[0053] That is, the reason why the strength property can be improvedwithout damaging the cold-reduction can be considered as follows.Although Si is solved into the β phase to contribute to the strength, Siis not a factor for reducing the ductility very much. Even if Si iscomprised over its solubility limit, silicide is formed so that theconcentration of Si in the P phase is kept not more than a given level.Therefore, if the Si content is controlled into the range that theductility is not reduced by the excessive formation of silicide, thealloy keeps a high ductility and simultaneously has an improved strengthproperty.

[0054] If Si is comprised in an appropriate amount, silicide formed inthe β phase as described above causes the suppression of a phenomenonthat the grain in the HAZ after welding is made coarse. Additionally, Tiis trapped by the precipitation of silicide so that the P phase isstabilized, or the retained β phase increases by thetransformation-suppressing effect of solved Si. It appears that theseeffects are cooperated to improve weldability.

[0055] Carbon is solved into the a phase to contribute to theimprovement in the strength, but does not become a factor for reducingthe ductility of the a phase very much. In addition, if C is comprisedover its solubility limit, a carbide is formed so that the concentrationof C in the α phase is kept not more than a certain level. Therefore, itappears that if the C content is controlled into the range that theductility is not reduced by the excessive of carbide, the alloy keeps ahigh ductility and simultaneously has an improved strength property.Incidentally, Si and C produce the effect of enhancing the heatresistance of the titanium alloy in addition to the above-mentionedeffects.

[0056] Furthermore, O is solved into both of the α phase and the β phase(the solved amount is larger in the α phase), to exhibitsolution-hardening effect. However, if the solved amount becomes largein either phase, the ductility is reduced. Thus, the oxygen contentshould be controlled into a very small amount as described above.

[0057] β-transus Higher than 940° C.

[0058] In hot-rolling at a temperature (for α+β region) lower than theβ-transus, which is essential for the equiaxial structure, the titaniumalloy is remarkably subject to edge cracking due to temperature dropthat occurs as hot-rolling proceeds if the heating temperature is lowerthan 900° C. Edge cracking extremely lowers yields. On the other hand,the temperature of the heating furnace inevitably deviates about ±20° C.from the aimed value on account of limited control precision. Therefore,it is necessary that the lowest β-transus should be 940° C.

[0059] Small amounts of other elements than the above may be comprisedas inevitable impurity elements into the titanium alloy of the presentinvention. However, so far as they do not hinder the property of thealloy of the present invention, these elements are allowable to becomprised. The titanium alloy may be incorporated with other elementsthan mentioned above so that it has additional characteristic propertieswithout altering its original ones ascribed to the present invention.Examples of such elements include platinum group elements (such as Pb,Ru, Ir, and In, about 0.03-0.2%) which improve corrosion resistance, P(less than about 0.05%) which improves heat resistance, and N (less thanabout 0.03%) which improves strength.

[0060] Platinum Group Element: 0.03-0.2%

[0061] It is generally known that titanium improves in corrosionresistance by incorporation with a platinum group element. This alsoapplies to the titanium alloy of the present invention. The titaniumalloy incorporated with more than 0.05% of Ru (which is the cheapestamong platinum group elements) is comparable to or better than puretitanium in corrosion resistance, without adverse effect by Ru on itshot-workability, cold-workability, and strength. This effect levels offwhen the amount of Ru exceeds 0.2%. The upper limit of the amount of Rushould preferably be 0.2%, more preferably less than 0.1%, because Ru ismore expensive than common elements. Pt and Ir in a smaller amount areas effective as Ru in improving corrosion resistance.

[0062] The α+β type titanium alloy of the present invention wherein theconstituent elements are specified as above has a basic compositionwherein the contents of the isomorphous β stabilizing element and theeutectic β stabilizing element are defined, and preferably Alequivalence is defined. The α+β type titanium alloy is an alloy whereinan appropriate amount of Si is comprised into this basic composition oroptionally an appropriate amount of C or O is comprised thereinto so asto have a high level strength property and simultaneously an excellentductility making the production of coils possible, and further have anexcellent weldability. Specifically, the alloy has a 0.2% proof strengthafter annealing in the α+β temperature range of 813 MPa or more, atensile strength of about 882 MPa or more, and a limit cold-reduction of40% or more.

[0063] Even in the case of α+β type titanium alloys, if the alloys havea limit cold-reduction of less than 40%, at the time of producing thealloys continuously into coils the number of repeated coldrolling-annealing steps becomes large so that costs become unsuitablefor the actual situation. In addition, recrystallized microstructurecannot easily be obtained, resulting in a problem that the transverseand longitudinal anisotropy as a strip material becomes larger. However,the alloy having a limit cold-reduction of 40% or more can be made intocoils without any difficulty by a continuous method. Costs can begreatly reduced by the improvement in productivity.

[0064] The limit cold-reduction herein means a reduced ratio of a stripthickness in such a limit state that, after the step wherein a smallcrack is produced but the propagation of the crack stops at a certainlevel (for example, about 5 mm), the crack starts to propagate up to thesurface of the strip, from an industrial standpoint.

[0065] Hot-rolling to produce coiled strips from the α+β titanium alloyof the present invention should be carried out under the followingconditions.

[0066] Prior to hot-rolling, the titanium alloy should be heated at atemperature (T1) which satisfies the following inequality [2] so thatcoiled strips with a minimum of edge cracking are produced in highyields.

[β-transus−20° C.−(770×Cmass %)° C.]<T ₁<β-transus  [2]

[0067] If the heating temperature is lower than [β-transus−20° C.−(770×Cmass %)° C.], the titanium alloy suffers edge cracking remarkably due totemperature fall during hot-rolling. In actual tandem rolling with oneheating stage from a slab (thicker than 100 mm, for example) into a 4-mmthick coiled sheet, serration-like edge cracking occurs in the lateraldirection (longer than about 60 mm). Such edge cracks have to be trimmedaway together with the uncracked portion (more than 20 mm wide);otherwise, the sheet is very likely to break in the cold-rolling step.By contrast, edge cracks will be smaller than 30 mm at the most if theheating temperature is higher than [β-transus−20° C.−(770×C mass %)°C.]. In this case, trimming up to 10 mm beyond edge cracks is enough togreatly reduce the possibility of breaking in the course of coldrolling. The higher is the heating temperature, the more decreases thedepth of edge cracks. However, heating at a temperature above theβ-transus brings about rapid oxidation and transfer from the equiaxialstructure into the acicular structure, thereby making the sheet liableto surface cracking and internal cracking in the course of cold rolling.Therefore, the heating temperature should be lower than the β-transus.Moreover, the heating temperature should preferably be lower thanβ-transus minus 10° C. in consideration of the fact that the β-transusvaries from one place to another due to macroscopic segregation. In thisway it is possible to produce in very high yields the desired titaniumalloy sheet without edge cracking.

[0068] Incidentally, in the present invention, a high level strengthproperty can be kept and simultaneously an excellent cold-reductionmaking the production of coils possible can be ensured by specifying thebasic composition of the α+β type titanium alloy and simultaneouslyspecifying the Si content, or further the C or O content as describedabove. From further investigations on requirements for surer assuranceof the strength property in HAZ after welding of such titanium alloys,it has been ascertained that the alloy wherein the relationship betweenthe 0.2% proof strength (YS) and the elongation (EL) satisfies thefollowing inequality [5] is good in the strength-elongation balance inthe HAZ after welding and stably exhibits a high weldability. Thismatter will be in detailed described, referring to FIG. 1, in Examplesdescribed later.

6.9×(YS−835)+245×(El−8.2)≧0  [5]

[0069] The following will describe a coil-rolling process for producingthe α+β type titanium alloy of the present invention efficiently andcontinuously.

[0070] At the time of coil-rolling the above-mentioned titanium alloy, astrip of the titanium alloy is annealed at the temperature [T2]satisfying the inequality [3] below, and then coil-rolled to producecoils efficiently and continuously. Furthermore, at the time of thecoil-rolling, it is preferred to adjust the tension into the range of49-392 MPa and set a rolling ratio to 20% or more. If the coil-rollingis performed plural times in a manner that an annealing step in the α+βTemperature range intervenes therebetween, the total rolling reductioncan be heightened as the occasion demands. Even a thin plate can easilybe obtained.

(β transus−270° C.)≦T2≦(β transus−50° C.)  [3]

[0071] The heat treatment conditions are very important requirements forperforming the coil-rolling easily.

[0072] That is, the criterion of the microstructure which controlsmechanical properties of titanium alloys is phase diagram as shown inFIG. 2. (Its vertical axis represents temperature, and its horizontalaxis represents the amount of β-stabilizing elements.) As the containedpercentage of the β stabilizing elements in the titanium alloyincreases, the β transus drops in the form of a parabola. Therefore, atthe time of heat-treating titanium alloys, their microstructure variesremarkably dependently on whether the heat temperature is set up to ahigher temperature than the β transus of the respective alloys, or alower temperature than it.

[0073] The inventors paid attention to the β transus of titanium alloysand the change in their microstructure by heat treatment temperature,and considered that, concerning the α+β type alloy of the presentinvention, a microstructure suitable for cold rolling would be obtainedby setting appropriate heat treatment conditions. Thus, the inventorshave been researching from various standpoints. As a result thereof, ithas been found that if the titanium alloy strip having the compositionaccording to the present invention is subjected to annealing at atemperature (T2) satisfying the following inequality [3], itsmicrostructure can be made up to a microstructure comprising αphase+metastable β phase or orthorhombic martensite (acc) and having avery high ductility so that coil-rolling can easily be performed.

(β transus−270° C.)≦T2≦(β transus−50° C.)  [3]

[0074] As described in, for example, “METALLURGICAL TRANSACTIONS A,VOLUME 10A, JANUARY 1979, P. 132-134“, the β transus of Ti alloys whichare objects of coil-rolling can be obtained from, for example, thefollowing equation [6], which is well known as a calculating equation ofthe β transus obtained from the amounts of alloying elements containedin the titanium alloys:

the β transus=872+23.4×Al %−7.7×Mo %−12.4×v %−14.3×Cr %−8.4×Fe %  [6]

[0075] Referring to a phase diagram of FIG. 3, reasons for setting theannealing temperature conditions for which the β transus is an indexwill be made clear in the following.

[0076] In connection with FIG. 3, the inventors ascertained thefollowing in the case of annealing α+β type titanium alloy A. Whenannealing temperature (T2) is set within the range “(β transus−270°C.)−(β transus−50° C.)”, the obtained microstructure becomes a structurecomprising primary α phase+metcastable β phase or orthorhmbic martensite(α”) and having a very high ductility so as to have an excellentworkability making satisfactory cold rolling possible. On. the otherhand, in the low temperature range wherein the annealing temperature(T2) does not reach (β transus−270° C.), the microstructure of the alloybecomes an age-hardened microstructure wherein the a phase is finelyprecipitated in the β matrix. Thus, its ductility becomes poor so thatits workability deteriorates extremely. On the contrary, in thetemperature range wherein the annealing temperature (T2) is from (the βtransus−50° C.) to the β transus, martensite (α′) having a low ductilityis produced in the metallic microstructure after annealing and coolingso that good workability cannot be obtained as well. When annealing isperformed at a higher temperature than the β transus, β grains getcoarse so that cold workability unfavorably decreases.

[0077] Based on the above-mentioned finding, a first characteristic ofthe coil-rolling process of the present invention is that the α+β typealloy of the present invention is made up to have a high ductilitymicrostructure comprising primary a phase +metastable p phase ororthorhombic martensite (α″) by annealing the alloy within thetemperature range of (β transus−270° C.)−(β transus−50° C.)”, so thatthe coil-rolling of the alloy is made easy. The time necessary forannealing within the temperature range is not especially limited.However, in order to make the whole of any treated titanium alloy stripinto the microstructure, the time is preferably 3 minutes or more, andmore preferably about 1 hour or more.

[0078] Conditions of coil-rolling performed after suitable annealing asdescribed above are not especially limited. Concerning especiallypreferred conditions, however, tension is 49-392MPa, and rollingreduction is 20% or more.

[0079] Namely, in coil-rolling, tension is applied to a material to berolled in its rolling directions in order to heighten rollingefficiency, and it is effective at the time of coil-rolling theabove-mentioned α+β type titanium alloy that the rolling tension iscontrolled into a suitable range. The rolling tensile strength hereinmeans a value obtained by dividing the tension at the time of therolling by the sectional area of the titanium alloy strip, and isgenerated by a winding reel for coils arranged before and after arolling roll. That is, if the rolling tension is changed, the tensionfor winding coils during the rolling and after the rolling can also bechanged accordingly.

[0080] The α+β type titanium alloy of the present invention has a higherstrength and lower Young s modulus than pure titanium so thatspring-back is liable to arise. Thus, if the rolling tensile strength islow, winding of coils easily gets loose so that production efficiency isreduced and further scratches are easily generated between layers of thestrip by the loose winding. Thus, the yield of products tends to bereduced. For such a reason, the rolling tension is set to 49 MPa ormore, and preferably 98MPa or more.

[0081] Incidentally, in the above-mentioned α+β type titanium alloyhaving a higher strength than pure titanium and equiaxialmicrostructure, in particular fracture resistance is low so that crackpropagation arises easily. Thus, it is feared that coil failure arisesfrom a small edge crack produced in the rolling, as a starting point.Therefore, in order not to promote the outbreak of edge cracks and thepropagation thereof, the rolling tension is set up to 392 MPa or less,and preferably 343 MPa or less.

[0082] The rolling reduction is set up to about 20% or more andpreferably about 30% or more. This is because a rolling reduction ofless than 20% is disadvantageous for the improvement in productivity andmakes it impossible to give plastic strain necessary and sufficient formaking the alloy up to equiaxial microstructure in the annealing stepafter the rolling. If the alloy is not made up to the equiaxialmicrostructure, the strength-ductility balance falls. Thus, such a caseis unfavorable for the material property of the alloy. The upper limitof the rolling reduction varies in accordance with difference in theproperty of particular alloys. The upper limit is set up to about 80% orless, and preferably about 70% or less in order to prevent the increasein flow stress by work-hardening and the propagation of edge cracks.

[0083] In the above-mentioned coil-rolling, in the case of some rollingreduction, the alloy may be rolled up to a target thickness by only onecoil rolling step after annealing. If the rolling reduction for onerolling step is excessively raised, there arises problems, for example,the increase in flow stress by work- hardening, and the propagation ofedge cracks. Generally, therefore, in the rolling process, coil-rollingis stepwise performed in such a manner that plural annealing stepsintervene in the rolling process. In order to raise thestrength-ductility balance, it is effective that the α+β titanium alloyis made up to fine equiaxial microstructure. In order to realize theequiaxial microstructure effectively, it is preferred that the rollingstep under the above-mentioned suitable conditions is performed pluraltimes in such a manner that an annealing step in the α+β temperaturerange intervenes therebetween than rolling is performed one time at alarge rolling reduction and then annealing is performed.

[0084] The following will describe a process for producing a cold-rolledstrip, suitable for the α+β type alloy of the present invention.

[0085] The inventors have succeeded in improving elongation of inparticular the transverse direction (direction perpendicular to the coldcoil-rolling direction) along which ductility is extremely reduced inthe cold coil-rolling step, and heightening deformability while keepinga high strength by selecting such an annealing condition. The structuralfeature of the present invention and its effect and advantage will bedescribed hereinafter, following details of experiments.

[0086] The inventors eagerly researched the α+β type titanium alloymaking cold coil-rolling possible, according to the present invention,in order to make clear the influence on the ductility and the strengthin the longitudinal direction (identical to the coil-rolling direction)and the transverse direction by annealing conditions after coldcoil-rolling.

[0087] As a result, it was ascertained that as shown in attached FIGS. 4and 5 (both in the case of small scale), proof strength and tensilestrength are not affected very much by annealing temperature, butconcerning in particular transverse elongation (along the transversedirection, a drop in ductility by cold coil-rolling becomes the mostserious problem), specific tendency is exhibited in accordance with theannealing temperature. In short, in the above-mentioned alloy system,the transverse elongation shows a minimum value by some annealingtemperature (about 850° C. in FIG. 4, and about 800° C. in FIG. 5). Thetransverse elongation tends to rise in all annealing temperature rangesabove and below the above-mentioned temperature.

[0088] The inventors further pursued a reason why the above-mentionedspecific tendency is exhibited, so as to make the following fact clear.

[0089] In general, annealing after cold coil-rolling is carried out torelieve work-hardening generated by the cold coil-rolling byrecrystallization based on heating and recover the transverse ductilitylowered mainly by the cold rolling. It is considered that suchductility-improving effect by recrystallization is improved still moreas the annealing temperature is higher.

[0090] The alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 6 conceptuallyshows the relationship between annealing temperature and ductility thatis generally recognized. In the low temperature range wherein theannealing temperature after cold rolling is about 600° C. or less, theeffect of improving the transverse ductility is hardly recognized. Whenthe annealing temperature is raised up to about 700° C. or more, theductility is recovered to some extent. As the annealing temperature israised thereafter, the recovery of the ductility advances. When theannealing temperature is raised to not less than the β transus (Tβ),complete recrystallization arises so that anisotropy is cancelled. Thus,it appears that the ductility is remarkably improved.

[0091] Concerning the α+β type titanium alloy of the present invention,however, the inventors examined the relationship between annealingtemperature and elongation after cold coil-rolling by experimentallyproducing an ingot of small scale and using a cold-rolled sample. As aresult, the following were ascertained. As shown by solid lines A and Bin FIG. 6, in the range of the annealing temperature of about 800° C. orless, both of the longitudinal elongation (solid line A) and thetransverse elongation (solid line B) are improved by the evolution ofrecovery of dislocation as the temperature rises. This fact is the sameas the recognition in the prior art. When the annealing temperature israised to more than about 800° C., the elongations drop abruptly. Whenthe annealing temperature is further raised thereafter, the elongationsagain rise abruptly. Such a specific tendency is exhibited. It wasascertained that such a specific tendency is remarkably exhibited in thecase of the α+β type titanium alloy of the present invention.

[0092] This tendency can be explained on the basis of phase diagram ofthe α+β type titanium alloy as shown in FIG. 7 and change in themicrostructure of the titanium alloy. That is, FIG. 7 is a diagram(result from small scale) showing the relationship of the ductility ofthe transformed β phase (i.e., the a phase) in the titanium alloy, inthe light of the phase diagram of the α+β type titanium alloy. The aphase wherein the amount of the stabilizing elements is relatively smallhas a hexagonal structure which is relatively excellent in ductility. Onthe other hand, as the amount of β stabilizing elements increases,brittle hexagonal crystal is produced at some amount as a borderline sothat the ductility drops abruptly. When the amount of β stabilizingelements increases still more thereafter, an orthorhombic crystal havinga relatively high ductility is formed. As a result, its yield stress andtensile strength drop but its ductility tends to rise again. In summary,the ductility of the α+β type titanium alloy varies considerably,dependently on the difference in the crystal structure resulting fromthe change in the amount of β stabilizing elements. It is important toprevent the emergence of the brittle hexagonal crystal which isgenerated just before the emergence of the orthorhombic crystal bycontrolling the alloy composition.

[0093] As is evident from the tendency shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, theductility of the α+β type titanium alloy after cold coil-rolling is notsimply decided by the annealing temperature for recrystallization forrelieving work-hardening. The ductility is remarkably affected by thecrystal structure of the titanium alloy as well. As a result from asynergetic effect of these, the following is considered. Even in thecase that the annealing temperature for recrystallization is raised asshown in FIG. 6, when the transformed β phase turns mainly into brittlehexagonal crystal, its ductility drops abruptly. After the time when thebrittle hexagonal crystal structure turns into an ductile orthorhombicstructure having a high ductility, the ductility of the alloy isabruptly recovered again by the evolution of recrystallization based onannealing.

[0094] As described above, the present invention is based on theverification of the fact that the ductility of the α+β type titaniumalloy after cold coil-rolling is not simply decided by the annealingtemperature for recrystallization for relieving work-hardening and theductility is remarkably affected by the crystal structure of thetitanium alloy as well. In short, the characteristic of the presentinvention is in that when work-hardening is relieved by annealing thecold coil-rolled α+β type titanium alloy to raise the ductility, theannealing temperature is controlled to avoid temperature range causingthe brittle phase production based on the emergence of the brittlehexagonal crystal as much as possible, thereby heightening theelongation surely to obtain excellent deformability.

[0095] At this time, as shown in region X in FIG. 7, even in the regionwherein the alloy composition of the β phase causes the emergency of thebrittle hexagonal crystal at the time of heating for annealing, if underthe temperature not causing the emergency of the brittle hexagonalcrystal the material is slowly cooled (for example, cooling in thefurnace), the change in the microstructure of the titanium alloy changesalong the β transus (Tβ) to suppress the emergency of the brittlehexagonal crystal. If its temperature range is avoided and usual cooling(for example, air cooling) is carried out, an annealed material having ahigh performance can be obtained.

[0096] Thus, the α+β type titanium alloy of the present inventionobtained by avoiding the brittle range and being annealed as describedabove has a tensile strength of 900 MPa or more, and further has anelongation of 4% or more, and exhibits an anisotropy, that is,(longitudinal elongation)/(transverse elongation) of about 0.4-1.0 bygreat recovery of the transverse elongation. This makes it possible toobtain an annealed material having excellent deformability in thelongitudinal and transverse directions.

[0097] Incidentally, FIG. 7 shows the relationship between annealingtemperature and elongation at the time of annealing a cold-rolled stripcomprising, for example, an α+β type titaniumalloy ofTi—4.5%Al—2%Mo—1.6%V—0.5%Fe. As shown in FIG. 7, brittle hexagonalcrystal makes its appearance at about 850° C. Therefore, when the coldcoil-rolled titanium alloy having this composition is annealed, it isnecessary that the annealing temperature is controlled out of thetemperature which causes the brittle hexagonal crystal, preferablywithinthe temperature range of 760-825° C. or 875-Tβ° C.

[0098] Even in the same α+β type titanium alloys of the presentinvention, their brittle hexagonal crystal production temperature rangevaries according to conditions such as composition, production scale ofcoil cold-rolled strip, and cooling rate.

[0099] For example, with attention given to the fact that coilcold-rolled strips produced from ingots of large quantities vary inductility and strength in the longitudinal and transverse directionsdepending on how they are annealed after coil cold-rolling, researcheswere made into the effect of annealing conditions. The results are shownin FIGS. 10 to 13. It is noted that the annealing temperature (about925° C. in FIG. 10) detrimental to elongation in the transversedirection tends to be higher than that in small-scale operation, andscarcely recognized. Although the result of strength and transverseelongation is slight different between large scale and small scale, thephenomenon of the change in the microstructure of titanium alloy duringthe annealing process is thought to be the same. The fact that theresults in large scale differ from small scale is due to a difference inworking conditions which arises from the production of ingots in largequantities, a difference in cooling rate of cold-rolled strips, and soon. As the result, it was found that annealing for the titanium alloyindustrially produced in large quantities should be carried out attemperatures in the range of (β-transus−130° C.)≦T3≦(β-transus−15° C.)so that the resulting products have good bending properties.

[0100] Therefore, at the time of carrying out the present invention, itis preferred to make sure of this temperature range beforehand accordingto the conditions such as the scale of production of coil cold-rolledstrips and then control annealing temperature to be out of thistemperature range. And the titanium alloy industrially produced in largequantities should be carried out at temperatures in the range of(β-transus−130° C.)≦T3≦(β-transus−15° C.). In this way, an annealedmaterial having a high strength and an improved transverse elongationcan be surely obtained.

[0101] At this time, the annealing must be performed at theabove-mentioned high rolling reduction for some kind of cold rolledproduct. In this case, however, softening annealing is performed one orplural times on the way of the rolling. Thus, while work-hardening isrelieved, the titanium alloy is cold rolled into any thickness. In allcase, the titanium alloy of the present invention has a higherelongation than conventional α+β titanium alloys, so that it can becoil-rolled without the above-mentioned pack-rolling. The alloy keeps ahigh strength and simultaneously exhibits an excellent deformability bysubsequent annealing.

[0102] The thus obtained α+β type titanium alloy of the presentinvention can be made into coils for its excellent cold workability, andfurther can easily be manufactured into any form such as a wire, a rodor a tube regardless of the cold workability. The present alloy has bothexcellent strength property and ductility, and further has goodweldability as described above, and its HAZ after welding has a highlevel ductility. For this reason, the present alloy can widely be usedas applications which are subjected to welding until they are workedinto final products, for example, a plate for a heat-exchanger, Ti golfdriver head materials, welding tubes, various wires, rods, very finewires.

EXAMPLES

[0103] The following will specifically describe the structural features,and effects and advantages of the present invention. However, thepresent invention is not limited by the following Examples, and can bemodified within the scope consistent with the subject manner of thepresent invention described above and below. All of them are included inthe technical scope of the present invention.

Example 1

[0104] Titanium alloy ingots (60×130×260 mm) having the compositionsshown in Table 1 were produced by button melting. The ingots were thenheated to the β temperature range (about 110° C.), and rolled to breakdown into sample plates of 40 mm thickness. Subsequently, the plateswere kept in the β temperature range (about 1100° C.) for 30 minutes andthen air-cooled. The plates were then heated in the a +0 temperaturerange (900-920° C.) below the β transus and hot rolled to produce hotrolled plates of 4.5 mm thickness. Thereafter, the plates were againannealed in the α+β temperature range (about 760° C.) for 30 minutes,and then their 0.2% proof strength, tensile strength and elongation weremeasured. Their test pieces were obtained by machining the surface ofthe sample plates into pieces having a gage length of 50 mm and aparallel portion width of 12.5 mm.

[0105] Next, test pieces for cold-rolling were subjected toshot-blasting and picking to remove oxygen-rich layers on the surfaces.These were used as cold rolling materials to continues to be cold rolledby a rolling reduction amount of about 0.2 mm per pass until cracks inthe plate surfaces were introduced. Thus, their cold-reduction wasmeasured. In order to measure their weldability, the respective sampleplates were heated at 1000° C., which was not less than the β transus,for 5 minutes and then air-cooled, to examine tensile property in thestate of acicular microstructure.

[0106] The results are collectively shown in Table 2. TABLE 1 Mo Sym-equiv- Fe bol Alloy composition (the balance: Ti) alence equivalence A3.5Mo-0.8Cr-4.5Al-0.3Si 3.5 0.4 B 3.5Mo-O.5Fe-0.8Cr-4.5Al-0.3Si 3.5 0.9C 2.5Mo-1.6V-0.6Fe-4.5Al-0.15Si-0.04C 3.6 0.6 D2.5Mo-1.6V-0.6Fe-4.5Al-0.45Si-0.04C 3.6 0.6 E2.5Mo-1.6V-0.6Fe-4.5Al-1.0Si-0.04C 3.6 0.6 F2.5Mo-1.6V-0.6Fe-4.5Al-0.3Si-0.08C 3.6 0.6 G 4.5Mo-0.8Cr-4.5Al-0.3Si 4.50.4 H 2.5Mo-1.6V-0.6Fe-4.5Al-0.3Si-0.12C 3.6 0.6 I2.5Mo-1.6V-0.6Fe-4.0Al-0.3Si-0.04C 3.6 0.6 J2.5Mo-1.6V-0.6Fe-5.0Al-0.3Si-0.04C 3.6 0.6 K3.5Mo-0.5Fe-0.8Cr-4.5Al-0.3Si-0.05C 3.5 0.4 L3.5Mo-0.5Fe-0.8Cr-4.5Al-0.3Si-0.1C 3.5 0.4 M2Mo-1.6V-0.5Fe-4.5A1-0.3Si-0.03C 3.1 0.5 N1Mo-1.6V-0.5Fe-4.5A1-0.3Si-0.03C 2.1 0.5 O 3.5Mo-0.8Cr-4.5A1 3.5 0.4 P3.5Mo-0.5Fe-0.8Cr-4.5A1 3.5 0.5 Q 4.5Mo-0.8Cr-4.5A1 4.5 0.4 R2.5Mo-1.6V-0.6Fe-4.5A1-0.04C 3.6 0.6 S 3.5Mo-0.5Fe-0.8Cr-3.0A1-0.3Si 30.9 T 2.5Mo-0.5Fe-0.8Cr-3.0Al-0.3Si 2.5 0.9 U3.0Mo-0.5Fe-0.8Cr-3.0Al-0.3Si-0.05C 3.9 0.9 V2.5Mo-1.6V-0.6Fe-4.5A1-1.5Si-0.04C 3.6 0.6 W2.0Mo-1.6V-0.6Fe-6.5A1-0.3Si-0.04C 3.1 0.6 X0.8Mo-1.6V-0.5Fe-4.5A1-0.3Si-0.03C 1.9 0.5 Y3.5Mo-1.6V-0.5Fe-4.5A1-0.3Si-0.03C 4.6 0.5 Z2Mo-1.6V-2.5Fe-4.5A1-0.3Si-0.03C 3.1 2.5

[0107] TABLE 2 Tensile properties after β annealing (Acicular,corresponding to HAZ after welding) Tensile properties after α + βannealing 0.2% Proof Tension 6.9 x (YS- 0.2% Proof Tension Coldreduction strength strength Elongation 835) + 245 × (El- strengthstrength Elongation Being made Symbol (MPa) (MPa) (%) 8.2) (MPa) (MPa)(%) into a coil Note A 835 1010 8.2 0 882 937 15.5 ◯ (possible) B 9361112 7.7 763 875 941 15.7 ◯ C 1069 1250 3.8 538 822 900 19.2 ◯ D 11211342 4.3 1019 885 963 17.8 ◯ E 1191 1356 1.2 739 933 1061 12.8 ◯ F 10871298 4.5 831 893 959 20.7 ◯ C 994 1156 5.8 507 891 946 15.0 ◯ H 992 12213.8 4 925 984 16.9 ◯ I 1032 1223 6.2 869 815 912 17.9 ◯ J 1164 1365 2.9973 932 999 19.4 ◯ K 1044 1215 3.6 313 940 992 19.0 ◯ L 1080 1298 1.3 01085 1131 18.4 ◯ M 827 907 8.5 19 857 916 192 ◯ N 814 885 9.1 78 821 89419.5 ◯ O 775 974 10.1 53 785 861 22.6 ◯ Insufficient strength P 880 10246.3 −155 795 874 15.6 ◯ Insufficient strength and bad weldability Q 8991039 4.9 −369 767 835 21.2 ◯ Insufficient strength and bad weldability R1036 1249 1.3 −305 810 889 17.7 ◯ Insufficient strength and badweldability S 751 920 11.5 227 652 781 16.5 ◯ Insufficient strength T734 899 13.2 528 703 810 16.7 ◯ Insufficient strength U 1018 1238 3 −10767 856 16.3 ◯ Insufficient strength and bad weldability V 1223 1373 0 5791 983 1103 8.1 X (impossible) Bad cold-rollability W 1219 1429 0.3 715975 1115 9.2 X Bad cold-rollability X 797 858 10.5 300 799 868 19.5 ◯Insufficient strength Y 1081 1229 0.5 −190 1147 1179 18.9 ◯ Badweldability Z 1099 1278 0 −190 1127 1229 17.4 ◯ Bad weldability

[0108]FIG. 1 shows, as a graph, the relationship between the 0.2% proofstrength and the elongation after β annealing, which corresponds to thephysical property in HAZ after welding, among the experimental datashown in Table 1.

[0109] In this graph, solid line Y is a line connecting the relationshippoints between 0.2% proof strength and elongation of other thancomparative samples wherein their cold reduction was represented by “x”(limit cold reduction: less than 40%). Broken line X represents arelationship formula represented by 6.9×(YS-835)+245×(El−8.2).

[0110] As is evident from this graph, the solid line Y and the brokenline X cross each other at a point of a 0.2% proof strength of 813 MPa.The inclination of the solid line Y (comparative samples) in the areahaving a higher proof strength than this proof strength is steeper thanthat of the broken line X. This graph proves that in the high proofstrength area of the comparative samples, this elongation drops abruptlyas the proof strength rises. On the other hand, in Examples of thepresent invention all of the relationship points between the proofstrength and the elongation are positioned in the right and upper arearelative to the broken line X. The drop in the elongation with the risein the proof strength is relatively small. Thus, it can be ascertainedthat the samples of Examples had high strength and ductility.

[0111]FIG. 8 is a graph showing an arranged relationship between the0.2% proof strength and the elongation after α+β annealing. It can beunderstood from this graph that all of the comparative samples do notreach a proof strength of 813 MPa but all of the samples of Examplesexhibit a proof strength more than this value, and the material of thepresent invention has a high strength and an excellent ductility.

Example 2

[0112] Titanium alloys having the compositions shown in Table 3 wereproduced in a melting state by vacuum arc melting and made into ingots(their diameter: 100 mm). The ingots were then heated to the βtemperature range (about 1000-1050° C.), and rolled to break down intosample plates of 15 mm thickness. Subsequently, the plates were kept inthe 13 temperature range (about 1000-1050° C.) for 30 minutes and thenair-cooled. The plates were then heated in the a +13 temperature range(850° C.), which was not more than the β transus, and hot rolled toproduce hot rolled plates of 5.7 mm thickness. Thereafter, the plateswere again annealed in the α+β temperature range (630-890° C.) for 5minutes. Next, they were subjected to shot-blasting and pickling toremove oxygen-rich layers on the surfaces. These were used as coldrolling materials. In the cold coil-rolling, the rolling reductionamount was 0.2 mm per pass. In the rolling, tension was applied alongthe rolling direction to roll the plates up to a predetermined rollingreduction. After the rolling, the depth of edge cracks in the plates wasmeasured. Thereafter, the plates were annealed in the α+β temperaturerange and then were subjected to optical microstructure observation oftheir cross sections.

[0113] The results are shown in Table 4.

[0114] The difference in sectional microstructures was observed betweenthe plates which were rolled one time up to a predetermined thicknessand then annealed, and the plates which were rolled three times up to apredetermined thickness in a manner that annealing intervenedtherebetween on the way of the rolling process and then annealed. Theresults are shown in Table 5. TABLE 3 β Al Mo V Fe Si O Ti transus 4.52.0 1.5 0.5 0.3 0.16 Balance 963° C. (mass %)

[0115] TABLE 4 Rolling conditions Results Annealing Edge cracks Experi-Rolling Rolling temperature ⊚: less than 5 mm Structure Total judgementment tension reduction before ◯: 5 mm-10 mm after ◯: Suitable No. (MPa)(%) rolling X: 10 mm or more annealing X: Unsuitable 1 147 50 760 ⊚Equiaxial ◯ 2 294 50 760 ⊚ Equiaxial ◯ 3 98 50 760 ⊚ Equiaxial ◯ 4 34350 760 ⊚ Equinxinl ◯ 5 294 30 760 ⊚ Equiaxial ◯ 6 294 70 760 ⊚ Equiaxial◯ 7 294 50 820 ⊚ Equiaxial ◯ 8 294 50 700 ⊚ Equiaxial ◯ 9 294  40* 630 XEquiaxial X 10 294  30* 890 X Equiaxial X 11 441 50 760 X Equiaxial X 12294 10 760 ⊚ Non- X equiaxial 13 294 85 760 X Equiaxial X

[0116] TABLE 5 Steps Total Structure Experiment Cold α + β Cold α + βCold α + β rolling after the final No. rolling 1 annealing Rolling 2annealing Rolling 3 annealing ratio annealing 14 40% Performed 40%Performed 40% Performed   78.5% Fine equiaxial microstructure 15 80%Performed — — — — 80% Partial equiaxial microstructure

[0117] The following can be understood from Tables 3-5.

[0118] Experiments Nos. 1-8: Examples satisfying all of the requirementsdefined in the present invention. The microstructure of the annealingwas uniformly equiaxial and had a few edge cracks, so as to besufficiently suitable for practical use of coil-rolling.

[0119] Experiments Nos. 9 and 10: Comparative Examples wherein thetemperature of the annealing before the rolling was out of the definedrange. Edge cracks were generated before the arrival to a 50% rollingreduction which was a rolling target. Thus, the rolling was stopped whenthe rolling reduction was 40% or 30%. However, considerably large edgecracks were observed. It is difficult that the Comparative Examples weremade practicable.

[0120] Experiment No. 11: Reference Example wherein a tension at thetime of the rolling was raised up to 45%. The tension was too high, sothat edge cracks were liable to be generated.

[0121] Experiment No. 12: Reference Example wherein the rolling ratio atthe time of the rolling was set to a low value. The coil-rolling wasable to be performed without any generation of large edge cracks.However, a part of the microstructure after the annealing becamenon-equiaxial. The strength-elongation balance was bad.

[0122] Experiment No. 13: Reference Example wherein the rollingreduction at the time of the rolling was raised up to 85%. Because therolling reduction was excessively high, large edge cracks were observed.

[0123] Experiment No. 14: Example which was coil-rolled 3 times, therolling reduction per rolling being 40%, in a manner that annealingintervened therebetween 2 times on the way. The microstructure after thefinal annealing was fine equiaxial, and a good coil which had no edgecracks and a good strength-elongation balance was obtained.

[0124] Experiment No. 15: Example in which substantially the samerolling as in Experiment No. 14 was performed by a single rolling stepwithout any annealing on the way. A part of the microstructure after theannealing became non-equiaxial. The strength-elongation balance wasslightly bad.

[0125] Experiment 3-1

[0126] A Ti alloy ingot (80 mm^(T)×200 mm^(W)×300 mm^(L)) ofTi—2%Mo—1.6%V—0.5%Fe—4.5%Al—0.3%Si—0.03% C was produced byinduction-skull melting, heated in the β temperature range (about 1100°C.) and then rolled to break down into sample plates of 40 mm thickness.Subsequently, the plates were kept in the β temperature range (about1100° C.) for 30 minutes and then air-cooled. The plates were then hotrolled in the α+β temperature range (900-920° C.), which was lower thanthe β transus to produce hot rolled plates of 4.5 mm thickness.

[0127] Next, the plates were annealed at 760° C. for 30 minutes, andthen they were subjected to shot-blasting and pickling to prepare coldrolling materials. These were subjected to the treatment of [40% coldrolling+annealing at 760° C. for 5 minutes] two times to perform coldrolling up to a rolling reduction of 40%. Thereafter, annealing wasperformed under conditions shown in Table 6. The respective annealedproducts were pickled to remove oxygen rich layers on their surfaces.Their transverse and longitudinal 0.2% proof strength, tensile strength,and elongations were measured. The result are shown in Table 6 and FIG.4. TABLE 6 Ti-2Mo-1.6V-0.5Fe-4.5Al-0.3Si-0.03C Meas- Annealing ured 0.2%Proof Tensile tempera- direc- strength strength ture (° C.) tion (MPa)(MPa) Elongation (%) Example 760 L 982 1096 10.4 Com- 850 L 991 1202 7.8parative Example Example 900 L 1028 1239 7.2 Example 760 T 1073 1144 4.6Example 800 T 1082 1128 4.6 Example 825 T 1014 1087 5.6 Com- 850 T 10821198 2 parative Example Example 900 T 1085 1164 5.8 Example 925 T 10951182 7.8 Example 950 T 1027 1143 10.6

[0128] As is clear from Table 6 and FIG. 4, it was ascertained that inthe α+β type titanium alloy of the component systems used in the presentinvention the transverse elongation (the elongation in the directionperpendicular to the rolling direction) decreased remarkably by theproduction of brittle hexagonal crystal in the annealing temperaturerange of about 850° C. Thus, it can be understood that if the alloy wasannealed in the temperature range of 750-830° C. or 900-950° C., out ofthe above-mentioned annealing temperature range, an annealed product wasobtained which kept high tensile strength and 0.2% proof strength, andhad an excellent elongation.

[0129] Experiment 3-2

[0130] A Ti alloy ingot (80 MM^(T)×200 mm^(W)×300 mm^(L)) ofTi—3.5%Mo—0.5%Fe—4.5%Al—0.3%Si was produced by induction-skull melting,and was heated in the β temperature range (about 1100 ° C. ) for 30minutes and then rolled to break down into sample plates of 40 mmthickness. Subsequently, the plates were kept in the p temperature range(about 1100° C) and then air-cooled. The plates were then hot rolled inthe α+β temperature range (900-920° C.), which was lower than the βtransus to produce hot rolled plates of 4.5 mm thickness.

[0131] Next, the plates were annealed at 760° C for 30 minutes, and thenthey were subjected to shot-blasting and pickling to prepare coldrolling materials. These were subjected to the treatment of [40% coldrolling +annealing at 760° C. for 5 minutes] two times to perform coldrolling up to a rolling reduction of 40%. Thereafter, annealing wasperformed under conditions shown in Table 1. The respective annealedproducts were pickled to remove oxygen rich layers on their surfaces.Their transverse and longitudinal 0.2% proof strength, tensile strength,and elongations were measured. The result are shown in Table 7 and FIG.5. TABLE 7 Ti-3.5Mo-0.5Fe-4.5Al-0.3Si Annealing 0.2% Proof Tensiletemperature Measured strength strength Elongation (° C.) direction (MPa)(MPa) (%) Example 760 L 982 1096 10.4 Example 850 L 906 1125 7.8 Example900 L 1051 1244 7.2 Example 760 T 1092 1142 5.2 Com- 800 T 1007 1059 2.4parative Example Example 825 T 986 1077 5.6 Example 850 T 985 1103 6.4Example 900 T 1058 1249 6

[0132] As is clear from Table 7 and FIG. 5, it was ascertained that inthe α+β type titanium alloy of the component systems used in the presentinvention the transverse elongation (the elongation in the directionperpendicular to the rolling direction) decreased remarkably by theproduction of brittle hexagonal crystal in the annealing temperaturerange of about 800° C. Thus, it can be understood that if the alloy wasannealed in the temperature range of 760° C. or lower, or 820-950° C.,out of the above-mentioned annealing temperature range, an annealedproduct was obtained which kept high tensile strength and 0.2% proofstrength, and had an excellent elongation.

Example 4

[0133] A 5-ton ingot of titanium alloy having an aimed composition ofTi—2Mo—1.6V—0.5Fe—4.5Al—0.3Si—0.03C was prepared by the VAR process. Theingot was made into a 140-mm thick slab by forging and rolling in thebeta phase. The slab was heated at 930±20° C. and then rolled down to a4-mm thick sheet. The sheet underwent annealing and cold rollingrepeatedly to give a 1.2-mm thick cold-rolled strip. The ingot has thechemical composition (in its top and bottom) as shown in Table 8, andthe sheet has the tensile properties in the rolling direction (in thelongitudinal direction) as shown in Table 8. Heat numbers in Table 8having the same number of first four figures show that the titaniumalloy is charged and made into the ingot at the same time. TABLE 8 HeatNo. Position Direction Mo V Fe Al Si C O N AT4790-1 T L 1.93 1.82 0.524.62 0.27 0.038 0.163 0.0044 AT4790-1 B L 2.09 1.33 0.48 4.07 0.27 0.030.156 0.0053 AT4790-2 T L 1.93 1.82 0.52 4.62 0.27 0.038 0.163 0.0044AT4790-2 B L 2.09 1.33 0.48 4.07 0.27 0.03 0.156 0.0053 AT4962-3 T L2.12 1.79 0.6 4.61 0.29 0.032 0.11 0.0048 AT4962-3 B L 2.25 1.41 0.524.29 0.3 0.028 0.13 0.0047 AT4962-4 T L 2.12 1.79 0.6 4.61 0.29 0.0320.11 0.0048 AT4962-4 B L 2.25 1.41 0.52 4.29 0.3 0.028 0.13 0.0047AT5038-3 T L 1.87 1.74 0.5 4.55 0.26 0.033 0.137 0.0046 AT5038-3 B L2.12 1.62 0.51 4.63 0.27 0.034 0.141 0.0056 AT5038-4 T L 1.87 1.74 0.54.55 0.26 0.033 0.137 0.0046 AT5038-4 B L 2.12 1.62 0.51 4.63 0.27 0.0340.141 0.0056 AT5066-1 T L 1.9 1.77 0.49 4.51 0.26 0.03 0.141 0.0041AT5066-1 B L 2.12 1.52 0.48 4.38 0.26 0.03 0.143 0.0035 AT5066-2 T L 1.91.77 0.49 4.51 0.26 0.03 0.141 0.0041 AT5066-2 B L 2.12 1.52 0.48 4.380.26 0.03 0.143 0.0035 AT5199 T L 1.87 1.64 0.51 4.35 0.27 0.032 0.0980.0048 AT5199 B L 2.11 1.51 0.46 4.47 0.23 0.032 0.119 0.0066 0.2% ProofTensile Mo eq + Strength/ Strength/ Elongation/ Mo eq + 2.5 × Fe eq +Heat No. H MPa MPa % 2.5 × Fe eq 0 × 40 AT4790-1 0.0053 916 994 11 4.4410.98 AT4790-1 0.0056 955 1030 10 4.18 10.42 AT4790-2 0.0053 916 994 114.44 10.96 AT4790-2 0.0056 955 1030 10 4.18 10.42 AT4962-3 0.0062 9181000 11 4.81 9.21 AT4962-3 0.006 897 981  9 4.49 9.69 AT4962-4 0.006 9231011 10 4.81 9.21 AT4962-4 0.006 923 1010 10 4.49 9.69 AT5038-3 0.0073896 973 10 4.28 9.76 AT5038-3 0.0076 900 977 10 4.48 10.12 AT5038-40.0074 884 966 10 4.28 9.76 AT5038-4 0.0086 898 977 11 4.48 10.12AT5066-1 0.0079 907 1001 10 4.31 9.95 AT5066-1 0.0079 915 998 11 4.3310.05 AT5066-2 0.0079 932 1007  9 4.31 9.95 AT5066-2 0.0079 916 998  94.33 10.05 AT5199 0.0051 837 929 10 4.24 8.16 AT5199 0.0048 868 955 104.27 9.03

[0134] In FIG. 9, the tensile strength of the cold-rolled strip in thisexample is plotted against the amount (%) of[Mo-equivalence+2.5×Fe-equivalence+40×O %]. A good correlation betweenthem is noticed. It is apparent that the tensile strength exceeds 900MPa when the amount of [Mo-equivalence+2.5×Fe-equivalence+40×O %]exceeds 7.0%.

[0135] Also, the sample of heat No. AT4790 in this example was examinedto see how ductility and strength in the longitudinal and transversedirections are affected differently depending the conditions under whichannealing is carried out after coil cold-rolling. To this end, a 1.2-mmthick cold-rolled strip was produced by the method mentioned above, andthen it was tested for elongation in the longitudinal and transversedirections, proof stress (at 0.2% permanent set), and tensile strength.The results are shown in Tables 10 and 11. It was found that thoseingots produced in large quantities as in this example yield stripswhich are slightly low in elongation in the transverse direction(perpendicular to the rolling direction) if annealing is carried out atabout 925° C. after coil cold-rolling. In other words, it is apparentthat in the case of annealing coil cold-rolled strips in large scale,the annealing temperature leading to a decrease in elongation in thetransverse direction is somewhat higher than in small scale and theannealing at an increased temperature decreases elongation only a littlein the transverse direction.

[0136] The fact that the results in this example differ from those inExample 3 is due to a slight difference in composition which arises fromthe production of ingots in large quantities in this example, adifference in scale of the production of coil cold-rolled strips, and adifference in thickness (or cooling rate) of cold-rolled strips.

[0137] Subsequently, the sample of heat No. AT4790, which is a 1.2-mmthick cold-rolled coil, was subjected to annealing at differenttemperatures and ensuring bending test. The sample in bending test wasevaluated in terms of the minimum value of R/t, where R is the bendingradius and t is the thickness, (which is called the minimum radius). Theresults are shown in FIG. 12. It is noted that the sample (L in FIG. 12)which was bent such that the bending axis is parallel to the rollingdirection of the sample subjected to annealing at temperatures in therange of 850° C. to 950° C. has a small minimum radius (which impliesgood bending properties). It is also noted that the ingot of heat No.AT4790 has the β-transus of 973° C. at its top and 978° C. at its bottomand hence it exhibits good bending properties if it undergoes finalannealing at a temperature between (β-transus−130° C.) and(β-transus−15° C.). The preferred annealing temperature for the alloy inthis example is 850-963° C.

Example 5

[0138] A 20-mm thick slab was prepared by button arc melting from atitanium alloy having a base composition ofTi−2Mo−1.6V−0.5Fe−4.5Al−0.3Si−0.03C and additionally containing Ru in anamount of 0.05% or 0.08%. The ingot was heated at 1000° C. for 30minutes and then hot-rolled to give a 10-mm thick plate. The plate washeated at 930° C. and then hot-rolled to give a 4-mm thick sheet. Afterannealing and descaling, the sheet was cold-rolled until its thicknesswas halved. It was found that cold-rolling was accomplished successfullyas in the case of titanium alloy containing no Ru. After cold-rolling,the strip was annealed at 800° C. for 10 minutes. The thus obtainedsamples were tested for tensile strength and elongation in thelongitudinal and transverse directions (twice each). The results areshown in Table 9. TABLE 9 0.2% proof Ru Tensile strength, Tensilestrength, content, % direction MPa MPa Elongation, % 0.05 L 908 989 160.05 L 920 987 18 0.05 T — 1042 13 0.05 T — 1045 11 0.08 L 917 979 160.08 L 913 991 17 0.08 T — 1017 12 0.08 T — 1008 11

[0139] The samples shown in Table 9 (containing 0.05% Ru, containing0.08% Ru, and not containing Ru) were tested for corrosion resistance,with pure titanium being a control.

[0140] First, each sample was immersed in an HCl solution to test forability to keep the passive state. Evaluation was made in terms of theconcentration of HCl solution at which the sample loses its passivestate. The results are shown in FIG. 13a. It is noted that the samplecontaining 0.05% Ru or 0.08% Ru keeps the passive state in the same wayas pure titanium.

[0141] Then, the samples were tested for corrosion speed by immersion inan aqueous solution containing 1 mol/L of NaCl and 1 mol/L of HCl. Thecorrosion speed in this aqueous solution was compared with that inboiling water. The results are shown in FIG. 13b. It is noted that thecorrosion speed of the Ru-containing sample is about one half of that ofpure titanium.

[0142] The samples were also tested for crevice corrosion (by themulti-crevice method) in order to find the rate of corrosion occurrence.After polishing with emery (#400) in wet process and degreasing,specimens were immersed in a boiling aqueous solution containing 20% ofNaCl for 1 week. The number of incidences of crevice corrosion thatoccurred was counted, and the ratio of that number to the number ofcrevices was calculated. The results are shown in FIG. 13c. It is notedthat the Ru-containing samples are superior to pure titanium inresistance to crevice corrosion.

Example 6

[0143] A 20-kg ingot was prepared from a titanium alloy having thecomposition of Ti—2Mo—1.6V—0.5Fe—4.5Al—0.3Si—0.03C (with an actuallymeasured β-transus of 963° C.) or Ti—2Mo—1.6V—0.5Fe—4.5Al—0.3Si—0.06C(with an actuallymeasuredβ-transus of 987° C.). For comparison, an ingotwas prepared in the same way as above from a C-free titanium alloyhaving the composition of Ti—2Mo—1.6V—0.5Fe—4.5Al—0.3Si (with anactually measured β-transus of 940° C.). The ingot was made into 36-mmthick slab. The slab was made into a 4-mm thick sheet by hot-rollingwith single heating at a different temperature of 910° C., 930° C., or950° C. The rolled sheet was examined for edge cracking. It was foundthat there is no significant difference among the samples in occurrenceof edge cracking despite the fact that they differ in β-transus by 23°C. (equivalent to about 770° C./%C) because they differ in C content by0.03%. In the case of heating at 910° C., edge cracking (about 3-5 mmdeep) occurred; however, in the case of heating at 930° C. or 950° C.,no edge cracking occurred. A probable reason for this is that C is aninterstitial element and hence it does not contribute so much tosolid-solution strengthening at high temperatures, with the result thatthe a-phase keeps its high ductility even though it is heated to a hightemperature. Namely, it is noted that the C-free alloy is liable to edgecracking at the temperature (910° C.), which is lower than(β-transus−20° C.=920° C.), whereas it is immune to edge cracking at thehigh temperature (930° C. or 950° C.). It is concluded that theC-containing sample contains more a-phase than the C-free sample at thesame temperature which is higher than (β-transus−20° C.), but theincreased a-phase does not greatly affect the occurrence of edgecracking.

[0144] As described above, the present invention has a basic compositionwherein the contained percentages of the isomorphous α stabilizingelement and the eutectic β stabilizing element are defined, and aspecified amount of Si, or additionally a small amount of C or 0 isincorporated into the basic composition. Thus, the present invention hasa strength property which is not inferior to Ti—6Al—4V alloys which havebeen most widely used, and has remarkably raised cold workability, whichis insufficient in the conventional alloys, to make coil-rollingpossible. Moreover, the present invention can provide a titanium alloyhaving all of remarkably improved strength and ductility in HAZ afterwelding, and high workability, strength and weldability.

[0145] Therefore, the titanium alloy of the present invention can beused in various applications for its characteristics. The presentinvention can be very useful used as, for example plates forheat-exchangers by using, in particular, excellent corrosion-resistance,lightness, heat conductivity and cold-formability.

What is claimed is:
 1. An α+β titanium alloy comprising at least oneisomorphous β-stabilizing element in a Mo equivalence of 2.0-4.5 mass %,at least one eutectic β-stabilizing element in an Fe equivalence of0.3-2.0 mass %, Si in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mass %, and C in an amount of0.01-0.15 mass %, and has a P transformation temperature no lower than940° C.
 2. The α+β titanium alloy according claim 1 , wherein an Alequivalence is more than 3 mass % and less than 6.5 mass %.
 3. The α+βtitanium alloy according claim 2 , wherein those elements of Alequivalence are entirely Al.
 4. The α+β titanium alloy according toclaim 1 , which substantially contains Mo in an amount of 1.0-3.0 mass%, V in an amount of 1.0-2.0 mass %, Fe in an amount of 0.3-1.0 mass %,Al in an amount of 3.5-5.5 mass %, Si in an amount of 0.2-0.5 mass %,and C in an amount of 0.02-0.15 mass %, with the remainder being Ti andinevitable impurities.
 5. The α+β titanium alloy according to claim 1 ,which contains O as an additional element such that the amount ofMo-equivalenve, the amount of Fe-equivalence, and the content of 0satisfy the following inequality [1]. 7.0 mass%≦(Mo-equivalence+2.5×Fe-equivalence+40×O mass %)≦19 mass %  [1]
 6. Theα+β titanium alloy according to claim 1 , which further contains aplatinum group element in an amount of 0.03-0.2 mass %.
 7. A process forhot-rolling the titanium alloy of any of claims 1 to 6 , said processcomprising heating the titanium alloy at a temperature (T1) whichsatisfies the following inequatity [2] and then rolling it.[β-transus−20° C.−(770×C mass %)° C.]≦T1<β-transus  [2]
 8. A process forrolling the titanium alloy of any of claims 1 to 6 , said processcomprising annealing the titanium alloy at a temperature (T2) whichsatisfies the following inequality [3] and then rolling it, therebyproducing a coil of titanium alloy. [β-transus−270°C.]≦T2≦(β-transus−50° C.)  [3]
 9. The process for rolling to produce acoil according to claim 8 , wherein rolling is carried out under atension of 49-392 MPa such that the draft is no lower than 20%.
 10. Theprocess for rolling to produce a coil according to claim 8 , whereinrolling is repeated more than once, with annealing in the cc+p regionintervening between consecutive rolling steps.
 11. A process forannealing a cold-rolled coil of the titanium alloy of any of claims 1 to6 , characterized in that the heating temperature for annealing ishigher than the temperature at which work hardening due to cold-rollingis relieved and lower than the β transus but excludes the temperaturerange in which a alloy of brittle hexagonal crystals emerges, therebyimproving the elongation in the transverse direction of the rolled stripof the titanium alloy.
 12. A process of annealing a coil cold-rolledstrip of the titanium alloy of any of claims 1 to 6 , wherein annealingis carried out at the temperature (T3) which satisfies the inequality[4] below so as to give a coil rolled titanium alloy strip superior inbending properties. (β-transus−130° C.)≦T3≦(β-transus−15° C.)  [4]
 13. Aprocess of annealing a coil cold-rolled strip of the titanium alloy ofclaim 4 , wherein annealing is carried out at a temperature no lowerthan 850° C. and no higher than 963° C. so as to give a coil rolledtitanium alloy strip superior in bending properties.